OPERAs is comparing and synthesising the different perspectives on the ecosystem services concept addressed throughout the project.

The project is examining how social, monetary and ecosystem or biodiversity based perspectives of ecosystem services coincide or conflict, and how these different perspectives are influencing the design and implementation of instruments, and the outcomes of ecosystem services based governance.

It is also identifying both generic and context-specific synergies and trade-offs between different ecosystem services and evaluate/enhance the methods available to account for these trade-offs in operational management, including precautionary principles arising from potential tipping points.